Showing posts with label risk management. Show all posts
Showing posts with label risk management. Show all posts

Monday, January 23, 2023

December 2022: Update and Full Year Summary

December was a great month. We had family visit us from the US over Christmas for the very first time. We traveled some. We ate some great meals and had a lot of laughs.

However, December was also the first time that our net worth was down in every metric that I track. There are four comparisons at the top of my spreadsheet: USD month over month, EUR month over month, USD year over year, and EUR year over year. For the first time, all of these metrics were negative.

Just like the stock market isn't the economy, your net worth isn't your life. But since this is a money blog, let's focus on the money part of things.

Net Worth Changes

Image: chart of our net worth in USD over time

In December, our net worth fell to $125,071/€116,780, which represents the following changes:

Metric Percentage
Y/Y USD -14.23%
Y/Y EUR -8.79
M/M USD -2.53%
M/M EUR -5.71%

Maybe I can assuage my disappointment by creating a new metric: quarter over quarter. How's that look?

Metric Percentage
Q/Q USD 6.83%
Q/Q EUR -2.25%

So now one metric shows improvement. I'll take the win where I can I guess.

Our liquid net worth stood at $95,876/€89,521.

So what's up?

Inflation Devours All

The obvious big story is this:

  • Due to the war, supply chain, stimulus programs, and energy shocks, inflation rose drastically.
  • The Federal Reserve and other major central banks raised their benchmark interest rates to counteract this.
  • Since the present value of equities is all future cash flows discounted to the present, both the discount rate and the - assumed - poorer quality of those cash flows put downward pressure on the value of stocks.
  • Rising interest rates caused bond prices to fall.

We were not spared from this, and I took some serious hits on the large number of growth companies I had in my portfolio. They weren't the worst growth companies to have owned, but they were hit very hard anyway.

I took some steps to protect myself. In my IRAs, I sold in February due to trend following rules being triggered, which protected us there. I decided to reduce my exposure to individual companies and create the Wiseguy Portfolio, which is a kind of "all seasons" portfolio.

Image: Chart of portfolios in 2022: Green is my IRA, teal is my ETF account containing the Wiseguy Portfolio (started in May), red is S&P 500 benchmark, black is all portfolios together, yellow is individual stocks.

Finally, the effect of rising interest rates has caused a reduction in the estimated value of my pension. Since the pension is discounted at the rate of the 10 year treasury, rising rates reduce the future value. In a sense, this value is both real and imaginary; I'll never be able to pull out all this cash one way or the other, but I do have a guaranteed income stream in addition to government social security. It has value.

Spending

I've created a Sankey diagram that documents the flow of our money. For practical reasons, the numbers are slightly different in some cases compared to our actual budget, but overall this represents money received and spent/allocated well.

Image: A Sankey diagram showing the flow of money from income sources to spending categories.

Excluding tax, social security, and health insurance costs, our largest expenses fall into these categories:

  • Rent (warm) (€10956.81)
  • Groceries (€5984.66)
  • My BLOW money (€4605.97)
  • Travel costs (€3532.05)
  • Her BLOW money (€3532.05)

A reminder: BLOW is anything we buy that is personal and doesn't require discussing with the other partner.

You can see the mark of inflation on our two largest household expenses. Our rent was raised in August, which was a bummer that upset my equilibrium for a while. Our grocery bill for the year rose from €5,158.22 in 2021 to €5984.66, which is a ~16% jump. Some of that could be carelessness on our part, but some is definitely climbing prices.

Our travel costs included a trip to the US for her, a trip to the US for me, a few weeks of fun in Europe in the summer, and a late year trip with the family who visited us over the holidays. As much as I'd like this number to be lower, there's a reality that an expat who has good relationships with his family will also likely have recurring large travel expenses to contend with.

Image: Chart of the EURUSD price in 2022

Unfortunately, my US trip coincided with a weak period for the euro against the dollar. This made the trip much more painful than it otherwise might have been.

Mindset Changes

There were three major changes in how I view our financial goals in 2022.

Cash

At several points, I felt hemmed in and without options. The most acute phase of this happened when we had our rent raised, but it was a recurring theme in the second half of the year. Yes, we had stock assets, but should we ever actually experience and emergency, our stock wealth would have to be sold off to actually give us flexibility. This increasingly felt intolerable to me, since I was sort of mentally double spending that money: it was both meant as a long term savings but also potentially a bail out, emergency, house, career change fund. It was untenable.

So we are now allocating much more towards cash. Savings accounts both in the US and Germany actually pay something now (though it's still crazy low in Germany). This allows us to pursue opportunities the way a big stock allocation can't.

The Implausibility of FIRE

It is unlikely that we will be able to retire early in any significant way. Perhaps that will change, but it won't change in the next few years, and in acknowledging that reality, I have to ask some questions.

For example, are there other career paths that might be more rewarding? If we have to work anyway, then why not do something that is genuinely enjoyable during that time? Perhaps staying put is the best option, but I should create the space where that's a choice rather than mandatory.

So much of the online financial world is fixated on this idea, that to acknowledge it may never be reality for us feels like a failure. However, my desire is to keep working. It always was, and the FIRE idea was mostly a way to give myself permission to pursue avenues that I find more fulfilling.

Stock Picking

Until this year, I'd exclusively been a stock picker. The US extraterritorial taxation regime has made the purchase of mutual funds tricky, and I'd believed I'd be able to handle individual stocks as the container for all our long term wealth.

It's safe to say that I was wrong.

I've grown as an investor, but I still make silly mistakes that should probably make it clear that stock picking ought not be my primary savings strategy. Yes, I've become less trigger happy, but I'm still too damned trigger happy. Just in the past few months, I sold several securities too early and missed out on rebounds. And my analysis is often rudimentary at best.

I've also discovered that focusing on stocks is not the best use of my time from a "quality of life" point of view. It's stressful and distracting. I have better questions to focus on and better uses of my time than worrying about whether such and such company faces an existential threat or is just going through a rough patch.

My returns thus far - while not catastrophic - align with returns I could more easily achieve by buying ETFs, and so that's what I'm mostly doing now. I just hope that the US/Germany thing doesn't bite me in the ass; if Germany adopts a PFIC type punitive taxation regime again for foreign mutual funds, I'm SOL. But best to save those worries for the future.

2023

The four big questions hanging over me now and likely throughout the year are as follows:

  • Do I change jobs and potentially enter a riskier line of work in the hopes of greater life satisfaction and potential long term economic benefits? Or do I remain as I am now: basking in the weird safety of my current position, but potentially plagued by long term doubts around what might have been?
  • How do I allocate limited savings for a potential risky life change?
  • Do we participate in an expensive vacation that my family has planned out? We participated this year in Europe, but in summer 2023, it's further away and likely much more expensive. This is part of a larger question around family expectations and travel. I should probably write about this, but in general, I feel a lot of pressure to travel to see family, even though the prices are often higher for me, and my income is lower than the other people participating in the trip.
  • Does the ticking time bomb of my poor Baby Boomer parent finally explode. There have been indications just in the past month that it might.

One change to the blog is that I will switch to quarterly updates rather than monthly. I find that I repeat myself too often month to month in these updates, and the movements within a month are often noisy.

With that, I leave you for now and wish you a happy and healthy 2023 full of great moments that let you forget about any financial stress you may have.

Monday, December 31, 2018

December, 2018 Net Worth Update and Year End Review

UPDATE: I made a mistake when I initially posted this. In my spreadsheet, I double counted one of our credit card liabilities. We were still down for the month, but not quite as much as I originally wrote here. The updated numbers are $37,014.97 and €32,497.78 respectively. I'll leave the post as-is though since from a high level it remains correct.

Our net worth dropped in December to $36,153.59 or €31,741.52. That's a one month change of about -4.75%.

Since the majority of whatever wealth we have is in the form of stocks, we were hit hard by the sell-off in equities. Anyone paying attention to the markets this past month would have seen the kind of fast paced elevator down that market pundits have been scaring us about for years. Our savings rate didn't spare us from the damage.

We're still well up from a year ago though, and that's the perspective I want to keep in mind. Equities are for long-terms positions. I'm not a trader, and month to month moves whether up or down can only cause heartbreak if you get too emotionally invested in them.

This month had a few novel transactions worth mentioning. I got my Christmas bonus, which I always appreciate. At the same time, we had to pay our estimated taxes to the German government for the fourth quarter, so it was basically a wash. We also received a bit of Christmas money from relatives and a larger sum from a relative specifically earmarked to support a hobby of my wife's.

Year-End Review

So how'd we do this year? Our net worth is up around 33% in dollars from one year ago. That's entirely savings-rate based since our equity positions have been all over the place. As that net worth number grows, any year over year growth is going to come increasingly from investment performance.

Investment Performance

And my investment performance this year was bad at a YTD drop of 13% (I'm only considering my taxable brokerage account). Some of it was just the way the markets moved. For people following the US markets, it was a volatile year with big drops in February and then the last months of the year, but if you were invested in just about anything outside of the US, ho ho ho, you had a rough year.

How could I have known that at the exact moment I'd begin investing in German companies, it was at the peak of the German market? I began buying in October 2017, and this chart is the daily chart of the DAX from the past year:

It's actually uncanny how some of my German purchases happened at the exact tops of their cycles. The companies seemed cheap when I bought them, and they seem cheaper now, but that doesn't mean anything in the near term. The German companies were a drag on my performance over the whole year, even when I was doing well in other parts of the portfolio.

Some of the bad performance was from me trying things and discovering I don't have the temperament for them. I tried shorting some stocks, and I tried day-trading a few times. They're not my thing, and I'll avoid those activities in the future. Doing either triggers too much adrenaline and fear in me. Regardless of investment performance, I just don't want to live like that.

I also changed investment strategies in the middle of the year. I did a lot of backtesting and research to come up with a reasonable strategy, and I implemented it. I'm trying to control risk as best I can with smart position sizing and clear sell rules, but I do recognize that this strategy can be extremely volatile. As we get older, I have some ideas for how to reduce risk further within this current strategy, but for now, I'm being aggressive within my rules.

Recognizing my previous mistakes, I wrote a long document explaining the strategy and the rules. I've already referred to this document at times when I doubted my current approach, which makes this one of the best decisions I've made all year money-wise.

Savings

For our savings, we were somewhere around 25%. It's not exceptional, but it's not horrible either. I'd like to get this number up in 2019, but there are some genuinely life-improving expenses that may need to take priority if they become a possibility.

In 2018, the big overarching expenses were our rent as well as a trip we took to the US. Moving doesn't feel worth it. Rents are going up in Germany, and by staying put, we get to keep our rent stable while prices rise around us. I've looked at smaller apartments in our neighborhood, and their prices are approaching ours despite their smaller size. We could move further away, but our life satisfaction would plunge. Plus, my wife doesn't want to move, and neither do I.

After deliberation, I am going to the US this summer. I bought tickets using credit card points, and my wife and I will take our trips separately. I'm not thrilled about that entirely, to be honest, but the cost savings are enormous to having more focused trips back rather than larger multi-family tours. She can also work while I'm in the US and vice versa, so there's less opportunity cost.

We saved a bit on our tax preparation costs too. There are some tax people recommended to expats like us who speak English, but ouch they can charge a lot. They're very good, so don't get me wrong, but at some point you have to ask if what you're getting is worth the unusually high price. In our case, we were getting our taxes back in two weeks (fast) and we could communicate in English. But we speak German, so why not find someone less expensive who's good enough?

We could also do our own taxes, but for now I'm more comfortable with a professional in Germany on our side, and I'll keep doing my own US tax return.

So there's a wrap-up of the year for this abroad saver. I've learned a lot this year, and here's hoping for a more effective and smarter 2019. Cheers and have a happy new year.